|
| |
 |
|
| LETTER TO EDITOR |
|
| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 13
| Issue : 3 | Page : 137-138 |
|
Dose prediction of lopinavir/ritonavir for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection based on mathematic modeling
Sora Yasri1, Viroj Wiwanitkit2
1 KMT Primary Care Center, Bangkok, Thailand
2 Department of Community Medicine, Dr DY Patil University, Pune, India; Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| Date of Submission | 04-Feb-2020 |
| Date of Decision | 04-Feb-2020 |
| Date of Acceptance | 04-Feb-2020 |
| Date of Web Publication | 07-Feb-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Sora Yasri
KMT Primary Care Center, Bangkok
Thailand
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | 6 |
DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.277815
How to cite this article:
Yasri S, Wiwanitkit V. Dose prediction of lopinavir/ritonavir for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection based on mathematic modeling. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2020;13:137-8 |
How to cite this URL:
Yasri S, Wiwanitkit V. Dose prediction of lopinavir/ritonavir for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection based on mathematic modeling. Asian Pac J Trop Med [serial online] 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 25];13:137-8. Available from: https://www.apjtm.org/text.asp?2020/13/3/137/277815 |
Wuhan novel coronavirus or 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is a rapidly emerging respiratory viral disease[1]. 2019- nCoV infection is characterized as febrile illness with possible severe lung complication[1]. The disease was firstly reported in China in December 2019 and then spread to many countries (such as Thailand, Japan and Singapore)[2],[3]. As a new disease, there is a limited knowledge of treatment for the infection. Lu recently proposed that some drug might be useful in treatment of 2019-nCoV infection(4] . Lu noted that “lopinavir/ritonavir, nucleoside analogues, neuraminidase inhibitors, remdesivir, peptide (EK1), abidol, RNA synthesis inhibitors (such as TDF, 3TC), anti-inflammatory drugs (such as hormones and other molecules), Chinese traditional medicine, such ShuFengJieDu capsules and LianHuaQingWen capsule might be usefulm:[4] Of those mentioned drugs, lopinavir/ritonavir is a widely used antiviral for management of another important virus infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Since 2019-nCoV infection is an RNA virus similar to HIV, lopinavir/ritonavir is proposed for management of 2019-nCoVinfection.
At present, lopinavir/ritonavir is widely used for possible treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in countries that the emerging infection exists. Here, the authors used a mathematical modelling theoretical approach to predict the expectedproper dosage of lopinavir/ritonavir for possible treatment of 2019-nCoV infection. The protocol for mathematical modeling in this work is the same as previous report by Wiwanitkit et al[5]. Briefly, the primary agreement was there had to be a specific amount of required energy for reaction between lopinavir/ritonavir and its target enzyme and this energy is a specific constant for the reaction. Based on bonding theory, the required amount of lopinavir/ritonavir was varied to the two substrates, lopinavir/ritonavir and target, protease. Here, the simple equation ‘A + B → C where A was the target enzyme, B was lopinavir/ritonavir and C was end product’ could be written.
For HIV, the molecular mass of protease is equal to 21.6 kDa.
For 2019-nCoV, the molecular weight was calculated from the functional motif showing protease function within the sequence of the virus. From molecular weight calculation tool (https://www. bioinformatics.org/sms/prot_mw.html; version 1 by Stothard[5]), the molecular mass of protease of 2019-nCoV is equal to 33.8 kDa. By standard comparison technique as used in the previous report[6], the required dosage of lopinavir /ritonavir for 2019-nCoV infection was about 1.56 times higher than that for HIV infection. Hence, based on the modeling study, if lopinavir/ritonaviris used for management of 2019-nCoV, a doubled dosage of the present dosage for HIV infection is recommended.
Conflict of interest statement
We declare that we have no conflict of interest.
Authors’ contributions
SY and VW conceived the idea, performed the data collection. SY wrote the manuscript and all authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.[6]
| References | |  |
| 1. | Hsia W. Emerging new coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China: Situation in early 2020. Case Study Case Rep 2020; 10: 8-9.  |
| 2. | Yasri S, Wiwanitkit V. Editorial: Wuhan coronavirus outbreak and imported case. Adv Trop Med Pub Health Int 2019; 9: 1-2. |
| 3. | Sookaromdee P, Wiwanikit V. Imported cases of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Thailand: Mathematical modelling of the ourtbreak. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2020; 13(3): DOI: 10.4103/1995-7465.277516 |
| 4. | Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Biosci Trends 2020; doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.01020. [Epub ahead of print] |
| 5. | Stothard P. The sequence manipulation suite: JavaScript programs for analyzing and formatting protein and DNA sequences. Bio Techniques 2000; 28(6): 1102-1104. |
| 6. | Wiwanitkit S, Wiwanitkit V. Doubled dosage of sofosbuvir is expected for inhibiting Zika virus infection. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2017; 10(6): 612-613. |
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Evidence of Protective Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 |
|
| Beuy Joob,Viroj Wiwanitkit | | The Journal of Rheumatology. 2020; 47(10): 1587.1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
SARS-CoV-2 and HIV |
|
| Beuy Joob,Viroj Wiwanitkit | | Journal of Medical Virology. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
COVID-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients |
|
| Hasan Ejaz,Abdullah Alsrhani,Aizza Zafar,Humera Javed,Kashaf Junaid,Abualgasim E. Abdalla,Khalid O.A. Abosalif,Zeeshan Ahmed,Sonia Younas | | Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
Computational drug discovery and repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review |
|
| Kawthar Mohamed,Niloufar Yazdanpanah,Amene Saghazadeh,Nima Rezaei | | Bioorganic Chemistry. 2020; : 104490 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Pharmacological treatments of COVID-19 |
|
| Adeleh Sahebnasagh,Razieh Avan,Fatemeh Saghafi,Mojataba Mojtahedzadeh,Afsaneh Sadremomtaz,Omid Arasteh,Asal Tanzifi,Fatemeh Faramarzi,Reza Negarandeh,Mohammadreza Safdari,Masoud Khataminia,Hassan Rezai Ghaleno,Solomon Habtemariam,Amirhosein Khoshi | | Pharmacological Reports. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
COVID-19-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Hospital and Community Pharmacists in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
|
| Zelalem Tilahun Tesfaye,Malede Berihun Yismaw,Zenebe Negash,Akeberegn Gorems Ayele | | Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice. 2020; Volume 9: 105 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
 |
|
|
|
Search Pubmed for