| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 12
| Issue : 12 | Page : 574-576 |
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis in an indigenous infant with Down’s syndrome: A case report
Fernanda Fresneda Villibor1, Geracina Marchesini2, Ana Lúcia Roselino Ribeiro3, Renata Oliveira Guaré4
1 Centro Universitário Tocantinense Presidente Antonio Carlos, Araguaína, Tocantins; Programa de Pós Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
2 Hospital de Doenças Tropicais, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brasil
3 Centro Universitário Tocantinense Presidente Antonio Carlos; Faculdade de Ciências do Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brasil
4 Programa de Pós Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
Correspondence Address:
Renata Oliveira Guaré
Programa de Pós Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, Liberdade, 01506-000 São Paulo, São Paulo
Brasil
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.272488
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Rationale: Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan Leishmania and transmitted by sandflies, is endemic to the tropical and subtropical areas of Brazil. It is one of the neglected tropical diseases in the world.
Patient concerns: A 20-month-old indigenous infant with severe malnutrition and Down’s syndrome presented with a facial ulcer for 5 months.
Diagnosis: Giemsa staining of scraped ulcer tissues indicated the presence of the amastigote form of Leishmania sp., and positive Montenegro’s intradermal test helped in diagnosing the condition as cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Interventions: The child was hospitalized and received intravenous treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (1 mg/kg/day of amphotericin B).
Outcomes: The condition was cured with amphotericin B (1 mg/kg/day for 14 d). Lessons: Because of infanticide practices in indigenous cultures, indigenous infants with Down’s syndrome rarely survive. Thus, no similar case has been reported in the literature.
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