ABSTRACT

Year : 2018  |  Volume : 11  |  Issue : 13  |  Page : 39

A study on the optimization and characteristics of enzymatic preparation of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (Jackfruit) seed resistant starch

Gui-hong Fang¹, Yu Tao¹, Xiao-bao Deng¹, Jing Zhou¹, Da-mou Zhan², Qun-yu Gao^3
1 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
² Office of Educational Administration, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
³ Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

Correspondence Address:
Gui-hong Fang
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hainan Medical University, Haikou Hainan 571199
China

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

Objective: With the development of the Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (A. heterophyllus) processing industry, A. heterophyllus Lam seed as by-products, usually are cooked to eat or discarded, and no industrial application has yet been discovered in china. It is especially important to study the nutrients of A. heterophyllus Lam seed and to develop and utilize them. A. heterophyllus Lam seeds are rich in starch. At present, there are few reports on the processing of native starch of A. heterophyllus Lam seed and its modification as well as the application. To find the best way to prepare the resistant starch of A. heterophyllus Lam seed and to witness the changes in starch properties before and after the treated starch molecules. Methods: A. heterophyllus Lam seed starch was used as raw material in this paper and was treated by autoclaving and pullulanase debranching to produce resistant starch. Resistant starch content was confirmed by a resistant starch assay kit from Megazyme, Ireland, according to the AOAC 2002.02 standard method recommended by the American Society of Analytical Chemists. Taking resistant starch content as an indicator, the single factor and L9 (3⁴) orthogonal experiment were used to optimize the processing parameters. Electronic scanning microscopy, X-diffraction and Differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize native starch and treated starch molecules. Results: The optimal preparation process for preparing the resistant starch of A. heterophyllus Lam seed was starch milk concentration with the ratio of 15%, with enzyme15 ASPU/g, and with enzyme treatment time in 24 h, and starch retrograde time in 24 h. The resistant starch content was 25.82%. After being treated, A. heterophyllus Lam seed starch became a sheet with a large number of micropore. Crystal of starch changed from A type to B+V type, and the gelatinization temperature range became wider and gelatinization enthalpy value became decreaser. Conclusions: Resistant starch content of A. heterophyllus Lam seed starch was greatly improved after being treated. High resistant starch content of the treated starch indicates that it can be used as one of the carbohydrate components in diabetic foods to control blood sugar. The porous structure of the treated A. heterophyllus Lam seed starch indicates that it can be used for advanced controlled release of bioactive extracts.

Keywords: Artocarpus heterophyllus; Lam seed starch; Resistant starch; Aautoclaving; Pullulanase debranching

Foundation project: This study was funded by Natural Science Program of Hainan Province (grant No. 817142)